Rabbi Hyman's Divrei Torah

Hachodesh
Sat, Apr 02, 2011

The first mitzvah given to the Jewish people is Chodesh, the responsibility to establish each month when the new moon appears, beginning with Nissan.  Normally, we wax poetic about how Hashem grants us the ability to control time, something which slaves are unable to do.  Interestingly, this precept, the eponym of the shabbat, so important for the calendar and the setting of holy days, gets a grand total of one verse!  The parsha we read includes other mitzvot of Pesach Mitzrayim such as the sacrifice of the lamb, the eating of matzah, and the prohibition against eating chametz.  What do all of these mitzvot have in common?

Shemini-Parah
Sat, Mar 26, 2011

The first midrash on Parah in Bamidbar Rabbah quotes a pasuk from Tehillim chapter 12 which states, "Amaros Hashem imros tehoros".  The words of G-d are words of purity.  The midrash explains in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that this means Hashem does not use improper speech in the Torah.  For example, in Noach, the Torah says that ritually pure animals were gathered into the ark and the animals that were not ritually pure.  Instead the Torah could have written the animals that were tamei, but didn't.  This avoidance of the explicit use of words that denote impurity applies, however, only to animals, not to humans.  In Parah, for example, the Torah does not speak in a circmspect way when people become ritually impure.  V'tamei shiv'at yamim, V'tamei ad ha'erev.  Quite directly, the Torah states the conditions when human beings become ritually impure.  Why is there a difference?

Tzav-Zachor
Sat, Mar 19, 2011

In 2006, Elliot Horowitz published a book called Reckless Rites in which he attempted to document the legacy of violence spawned by the ordinarily jovial holiday of Purim.  He points out that whereas for centuries Jews have emphasized the festive and celebratory aspects of the holiday, but in the megilah itself Esther requests an extra day to dispatch Israel's enemies.  Through the book Horowitz attempts to document times in Jewish history in which Purim was used by Jews as motivation to portray violence against (its mostly Christian) neighbors.  Hillel Halkin in Commentary refuted the thesis of the book, contending that Jewish violent reaction through history is much milder than portrayed by Horowitz.  What this controversy did for me at least, whatever I may think of the book as a whole, was to highlight the theme of violence within the megilah and most significantly square it with the imperative of today's Shabbat, to remember and to destroy Amalek.

Vayikra
Sat, Mar 12, 2011

In a 2002 New York Times best-seller called Salt- A World History, the author Mark Kurlansky informs us that salt is more than the simple food additive that appears on our tables.  He documents that wars have been fought over it; it has been used as currency; governements have been formed and have fallen because of it; and it has been one of the most valuable and sought-after commodities the world has ever seen.  The ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Celts were some of the peoples of history who developed methods to produce salt and to bring it to market.  Today, salt is one of the newer gourmet products available.  You can get Himalayan Pink Salt, Grey Sea Salt from France, and Hawaiian Red Salt.  The color, characteristics, shape, and flavor depend on the area in which it is harvested.  Kosher salt is one of the most popular of the gourmet salts on the market due to its coarseness and texture.  What does salt have to do with Vayikra?

Pekudei
Sat, Mar 05, 2011

In the building of the Mishkan, the Torah relates that the artisans beat the gold and cut it into strips to make threads.  Ramaban has an unbelievable insight.  He says that this place is the only time the Torah specifies the precise method of the craft involved in the building of the Tabernacle.  Embroidering, weaving, spinning, carving-  all of these activities are mentioned in general but not in detail.  Ramban says that the people could not imagine that a metal such as gold could be spun and twisted to be made into threads.  They were astonished!

Vayak'heil
Sat, Feb 26, 2011

Moshe gathers Bnei Yisrael to instruct them on the building of the Mishkan.  In between, he reminds them of the laws of Shabbat.  Rashi comments in his well-known explanation based on the gemara that Shabbos is not docheh (pushed aside) for the building of the Mishkan.  I love the classical philosophical development of this idea that kedushas hazman takes precedence over kedushas hamakom, holiness of time over holiness of space.  However I can't help but think there is more going on.

Ki Tissa
Sat, Feb 19, 2011

(Last week's presentation on Urim V'tumim, which referenced Dan Oren's book on the insignia of Yale, evoked a positive response from the congregation.  This Shabbat an incredible thing happened.  Dan Oren came to Westville shul!  Noone called him, and he is not a member; he simply wanted to daven with us!  I couldn't believe it!  I mentioned someone one Shabbos, and he appeared in shul the next Shabbos!  I said to the congregation, "Next week I will mention the Moshiach!")

As the Jews were sinning with the Chet Ha'Egel, Hashem tells Moshe that the nation has corrupted itself, that they have veered off the path which He commanded.  Hashem then says "I have seen that the nation is a stiff-necked people."  Rashi explains that k'sheh oref means they turn their back on rebuke, showing the back of their neck, sticking up their head defiantly.  The Jews are stubborn.  The Jews are irrational.  In addition, the gemara in Beitzah 25a calls the Jews brazen, arrogant, and the most chutzpahdik of all nations!  Such descriptions in the mouths of the nations of the world would evoke charges of anti-semitism; and yet these words come from the mouth of Hashem!  Why would Hashem say such tough words about His people?

Tetzaveh
Sat, Feb 12, 2011

(This address was more of a presentation than a traditional d'var torah, given the material I was seeking to impart.  It turned out to be incredibly well-received.  One of my congregants actually said, "I failed to fall asleep!")

In the year 2000, according to Dan Oren in his book, "Joining the Club:  A History of Jews and Yale", (2001), Ann Prouty and Martha Muriro presented Yale University with the 1749 Master's Diploma of their great- great- great-grandfather, Ezra Stiles, the future president of the school.  I do not know whether his scholary endeavors are still of interest, but his diploma is of historical significance:  It displays the oldest surviving and legible Yale insignia, the famous "Urim V'tumim" spelled in Hebrew.  As an outsider, I always felt proud that an institution as prestigious as Yale would use a phrase from the Tanach as its seal, especally one as profoundly meaningful as one of the items worn by the Kohen Gadol in the Beis Hamikdash and used to communicate with G-d.  Today, then, as we read about the vestments of the Kohen Gadol, I wondered what this seal meant to the leades of Yale, an institution which many of you [in the congregation] hold dear.

 

Terumah
Sat, Feb 05, 2011

A great building, like great literature, poetry or music, can tell the story of the human soul.      Daniel Libeskind

The Mishkan is a great building.  To current tastes, perhaps the structure of the Tabernacle does not evoke praise; it is after all simply a rectangle.  Yet, the Mishkan is great for what it represents spiritually.  What story does the Mishkan tell about the Jewish soul?

Mishpatim
Sat, Jan 29, 2011

Here I presented to the congregation a brilliant d'var torah from Rav Yitzchak Hutner, former Rosh Yeshiva of Chaim Berlin, culled from his sefer Pachad Yitzchak, Pesach volume, article 43.

The Hebrew servant who wishes to remain in servitude for perpetuity is taken to the doorpost and his ear is pierced.  Rashi explains based on the Midrash, the ear that heard on Mt. Sinai the the Jewish people are servants to Hashem is pierced, now that this person wants to serve another human being.  The Jews heard many things on Sinai.  Any action that goes against  Torah philosophy should require the piercing of the ear.  Why is the Eved Ivri the only person who requires ear-piercing? 

Mishpatim
Fri, Jan 28, 2011

This dvar torah took place at Kabbalat Shabbat services.  We discussed the laws of nezikin, property damage.  The Torah states that when a person causes damage to the property of another, there is tashlumim, financial restitution.  I asked the congregation whether there is an over-arching mitzvah which is transgressed, or is the Torah simply stating the law to follow?  The difference is as follows:  I take a brick and throw it through my neighbor's window.  Did I transgress? Or do I just have to repay him the cost of the window?

Yitro
Sat, Jan 22, 2011

The Revelation at Sinai was beyond ordinary description.  The "special effects" recorded in the Torah including the thunder, lightning, and smoke, the reaction of the people, and simply reflecting on G-d "speaking" to us, all of these images lead us to feel that Sinai was an overwhelming experience.

The language of the Torah's description is also unfathomable.  Vayishm'u et hakolot — they saw the sounds during the revelation.  What could the Torah mean?

Yitro
Fri, Jan 21, 2011

(This d'var torah was delivered during Kabbalat Shabbat services.)

Vayishma Yitro — Yitro heard all of the wonders that G-d performed for Moshe and the children of Israel as they were redeemed from Egypt. How did he respond?  He realized it was the proper time for Moshe to see his wife and children.  His mission of redeeming the Jews was complete and his family could return to him.  He was practical, efficient, and organized.

When he meets up with Moshe and Moshe tellls him what happened, Yitro's reaction is quite different: "Vayichad Yitro" — he rejoiced, and then he pronounced a blessing, "Boruch Hashem..." ! (BTW, this blessing becomes the model of our blessing Hashem for good tidings.) What was the difference?  When Yitro heard about the great miracles there was no emotion, no feeling, no incredible religious experience, but when Moshe told him, the second time in fact he actually heard about the miracles, then there was rejoicing, excitement, passion, and blessing Hashem.

B'shallach
Sat, Jan 15, 2011

(This d'var torah was delivered as part of a new shul program, the "Shiur, Cholent and Kugel Kiddush")

The miracle at Yam Suf is widely regarded as the culmination of the miraculous acts by Hashem in redeeming the Jewish people from the bondage of Egypt.  Moreover, the Mishnah in Brachot 54a records that the blessing "She'asah nisim" must be recited whenever a Jew returns to the Red Sea.  Now, the basic structure is as follows:  the miracle occurs and then comes the praise and thanks to G-d.  The Netziv, a 19th century scholar from Volozhin, has a completely opposite understanding.

Bo
Sat, Jan 08, 2011

The plague of Darkness that afflicted the Egyptians is classically understood as a physical phenomenon.  The Torah itself states, "V'yamesh choshekh", the darkness was felt, it was palpable.  The Midrash gives a description taken from everyday life:  The darkness was as thick as a dinar, a type of coin of the talmudic period.  What ethical lesson, however, can we derive from this plague?  Since many commentaries attempt to find a parallel between each plague and the Egyptian character, philosphy, or way of life, what does darkness come to illustrate?

Va'era
Sat, Jan 01, 2011

How could Hashem say such a thing?  At Shemot 6:2, G-d says to Moshe, "I am the L-ord; and I appeared to Avraham, Yitzchak, and Ya'akov as  E-l-Sha-dai, but to them I have not made myself known through the name Y-H-V-H. "  We know from Breishit 12 that Avraham began his career by calling out to others in the name of Y-H-V-H!  What could G-d have meant?

Shemot
Sat, Dec 25, 2010

When the daughter of Pharaoh went down to the river to bathe, she noticed a basket floating in the reeds. Curious, she sent her handmaid to get it. She opened the basket and found the Hebrew baby, Moshe. The baby was crying, and the Egyptian princess had pity on him. The baby's sister, who had been watching what transpired, approached the princess and inquired whether the princess would like a Hebrew woman to nurse the child for her. The daughter of Pharaoh agreed.

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